Forensic reference data on articulation rate in German

References 

1. Laver J. The Phonetic Description of Voice Quality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1980;
2. Nolan F. The Phonetic Bases of Speaker Recognition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1983;
3. Künzel HJ. Sprechererkennung. Grundzüge forensischer Sprachverarbeitung. Heidelberg: Kriminalistik Verlag; 1987;
4. Hollien H. The Acoustics of Crime. The New Science of Forensic Phonetics. New York: Plenum Press; 1990;
5. Rose P. Forensic Speaker Identification. London: Taylor & Francis; 2002;
6. Clark HH, Fox Tree JE. Using uh and um in spontaneous speaking. Cognition. 2002;84:73–111
   • MEDLINE
   • CrossRef
7. J. Trouvain Tempo Variation in Speech Production. Implications for Speech Synthesis. Doctoral dissertation 2004 [published as Report Nr. 8 of Reports in Phonetics, University of the Saarland].
8. Henze R. Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Phänomenologie der Sprechgeschwindigkeit. Zeitschrift für experimentelle und angewandte. Psychologie. 1953;1:214–243
9. Goldman-Eisler F. Psycholinguistics. Experiments in Spontaneous Speech. London: Academic Press; 1968;
10. Künzel HJ. Some general phonetic and forensic aspects of speaking tempo. Forensic Linguistics. 1997;4:48–83
11. E.H. Lenneberg, Biological Foundations of Language, Wiley & Sons, New York. (1967 page numbers based on German translation by Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 1977).
12. Künzel HJ, Braun A, Eysholdt U. Einfluß von Alkohol auf Sprache und Stimme. Heidelberg: Kriminalistik Verlag; 1992;
13. Tsao Y-C, Weismer G. Interspeaker variation in habitual speaking rate: evidence for a neuromuscular component. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. 1997;40:858–866
14. Ackermann H, Hertrich I. Cerebellar contributions to speech motor control and auditory verbal imaging: acoustic/kinematic analyses of ataxic dysarthria and functional magnetic resonance imaging in healthy subjects. Proceedings of the International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. 2003;15:163–167
15. Grunwald Th. Reduktion und Kompensation als Funktion der Sprechgeschwindigkeit im Deutschen. Hamburg: Buske; 1983;
16. Keating PA. The phonology-phonetics interface. In:  Newmeyer FJ editors. Linguistics: The Cambridge Survey. vol. 1:Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1988;p. 281–302
17. Koreman J. Perceived speech rate: the effects of articulation rate and speaking style in spontaneous speech. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 2006;119:582–596
18. Miller JL, Grosjean F, Lomanto C. Articulation rate and its variability in spontaneous speech: a reanalysis and some implications. Phonetica. 1984;41:215–225
    • MEDLINE
    • CrossRef
19. A. Butcher, Aspects of the speech pause. Doctoral dissertation 1981 [published as Nr. 15 of Arbeitsberichte des Instituts für Phonetik der Universität Kiel].
20. Wiese R. Psycholinguistische Aspekte der Sprachproduktion. Sprechverhalten und Verbalisierungsprozesse. Hamburg: Buske; 1983;
21. Kowal S. Über die zeitliche Organisation des Sprechens in der Öffentlichkeit. Bern: Huber; 1991;
22. Mixdorff H, Pfitzinger HR. Analysing fundamental frequency contours and local speech rate in map task dialogs. Speech Communication. 2005;46:310–325
23. Jessen M. Einfluss von Stress auf Sprache und Stimme. Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung polizeidienstlicher Anforderungen. Idstein: Schulz-Kirchner; 2006;
24. Raupach M. Temporal variables in first and second language speech production. In:  Dechert HW,  Raupach M editor. Temporal Variables in Speech. Studies in Honour of Frieda Goldman-Eisler. The Hague: Mouton; 1980;p. 263–270
25. Kowal S, Wiese R, O'Connell DC. The use of time in storytelling. Language and Speech. 1983;26:377–392
26. Laver J. Principles of Phonetics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1994;
27. Künzel HJ, Masthof HR, Köster JP. The relation between speech tempo, loudness, and fundamental frequency: an important issue in forensic speaker recognition. Science and Justice. 1995;35:291–295
28. Byrd D. Relations of sex and dialect to reduction. Speech Communication. 1994;15:39–54
29. Whiteside SP. Temporal-based acoustic-phonetic patterns in read speech: some evidence for speaker sex differences. Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 1996;26:23–40
30. Verhoeven J, de Pauw G, Kloots H. Speech rate in a pluricentric language: a comparison between Dutch in Belgium and The Netherlands. Language and Speech. 2004;47:297–308
    • MEDLINE
    • CrossRef
31. Robb MP, Maclagan MA, Chen Y. Speaking rates in American and New Zealand varieties of English. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics. 2004;18:1–15
32. Iivonen A, Niemi T, Paananen M. Comparison of prosodic characteristics in English, Finnish and German radio and TV newscasts. Proceedings of the International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. 1995;13(2):382–385
33. Kienast M. Phonetische Veränderungen in emotionaler Sprechweise. Aachen: Shaker; 2002;
34. Jessen M, Köster O, Gfroerer S. Influence of vocal effort on average and variability of fundamental frequency. International Journal of Speech, Language and the Law. 2005;12:174–213
35. Warren RM. Perceptual restoration of missing speech sounds. Science. 1970;167:392–393
    • MEDLINE
36. Ketzmerick B. Stimmklang und Sprechtempo als charakteristische Merkmale von Stimmen. In:  Hess W,  Stöber K editor. Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung. Dresden: w.e.b. Universitätsverlag; 2001;p. 306–314
37. Trouvain J, Grice M. The effect of tempo on prosodic structure. Proceedings of the International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. 1999;13(2):1067–1070